example.qmd

---
title: "ClimaFacts Stats (Example)"
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This web page provide dynamic statistics about the [ClimaFacts Knowledge Graph](https://github.com/climatesense-project/climafacts-kg)


[ClimaFactsKG](https://purl.net/climatesense/climafactskg/ns) uses [ `sc:ClaimReview` ](https://schema.org/ClaimReview) from the [Schema.org](https://schema.org/) vocabulary to represent claims and scientific corrections collected from the [Skeptical Science](https://skepticalscience.com/) website.
The categorisation of misinforming climate claims is based on the [CARDS](https://cardsclimate.com/) taxonomy. CARDS is used to connect `sc:ClaimReview` between ClimaFactsKG and [CimpleKG](https://github.com/CIMPLE-project/knowledge-base).

### RDF Namespaces

The ClimaFactsKG namespace is: https://purl.net/climafactskg/ns#.

ClimaFactsKG commonly uses the following namespaces and prefixes:

| Prefix   | URI                                     |
| :------- | :-------------------------------------- |
|          | <https://purl.net/climatesense/climafactskg/ns#>     |
| `owl` | <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>        |
| `rdfs` | <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> |
| `sc` | <https://schema.org/>                   |
| `skos` | <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>  |

###  Skeptical Science (SkS) Mappings

The main mappings used to represent the Skeptical Science data in ClimaFactsKG are listed in the following table:

| SkS Article Section            |       | Mapping                                                  | Example Text from SkS Article                                                                                        |
| :----------------------------- | :---- | :--------------------------------------------------------| :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| URL                            | →     | `sc:ClaimReview` / `sc:url` | <https://skepticalscience.com/global-cooling.htm>                                                                    |
| *What the science says...*     | →     | `sc:reviewRating` / `sc:Rating` / `sc:ratingExplanation` | *All the indicators show that global warming is still happening.*                                                    |
| *At a glance*                  | →     | `sc:abstract` | *Earth's surface, oceans and (...).*                                                                                 |
| *Climate Myth...*              | →     | `sc:claimReviewed` / `sc:Claim` / `sc:text` | *It's cooling "In fact global warming has stopped and a cooling is beginning (...).*                                 |
| *Last updated on (...)*        | →     | `sc:dateCreated` | *4 June 2024.*                                                                                                       |
| *by (...)*                     | →     | `sc:author` / `sc:Person` | *John Mason.*                                                                                                        |
| `<meta name="description"/>` | →     | `sc:description` | *Empirical measurements of (...).*                                                                                   |
| `<meta name="keywords"/>` | →     | `sc:keywords` | *global warming, skeptics, skepticism (...).*                                                                        |
| `<title/>` | →     | `sc:name` | *Global cooling - Is global warming still happening?*                                                                |
| Main content                   | →     | `sc:reviewBody` , `sc:text` | *Earth's surface, oceans and atmosphere are all warming due to (...).*                                               |
| *Related Argument*             | →     | `seeAlso` | <https://skepticalscience.com/global-cooling-january-2007-to-january-2008.htm>                                       |
| *source: (...)*                | →     | `sc:citation` | <https://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/2008/02/19/january-2008-4-sources-say-globally-cooler-in-the-past-12-months/> |


## CARDS Stats

```{r setup, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE, echo=FALSE}
library(rdflib)
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
```

```{r download, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE, echo=FALSE}
graph <- rdf_parse(
  doc = "https://purl.net/climatesense/climafactskg/ns",
  format = "rdfxml"
)
```

```{r query, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE, echo=FALSE}
SPARQL_query <- "
PREFIX schema: <https://schema.org/>
PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>

SELECT
    ?ConceptName
    (COUNT(?review) AS ?ConceptOccurrenceCount)
WHERE {
    # 1. Identify the Concept entity that has a human-readable label
    ?concept skos:prefLabel ?ConceptName .

    # 2. Find every entity (Claim Review) that is 'about' this concept
    # This counts how many times the concept is mentioned in the dataset.
    ?review schema:about ?concept .
}
GROUP BY
    ?ConceptName
ORDER BY
    DESC(?ConceptOccurrenceCount)
"

results_df <- rdf_query(
  rdf = graph,
  query = SPARQL_query
)
results_df$ConceptOccurrenceCount <- as.numeric(results_df$ConceptOccurrenceCount)
```

```{r display_df, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE, echo=FALSE}
results_df |>
  rename(`CARDS Concept` = ConceptName, `Review Count` = ConceptOccurrenceCount) |>
  knitr::kable(
    caption = "Concept Occurrence Count in ClimaFacts KG",
    align = c("l", "r"),
    col.names = c("CARDS Concept Label", "Review Count"),
    format = "pipe"
  )
```

```{r plot_df, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE, echo=FALSE}
# Sort the concepts by count in descending order
results_df |>
  arrange(desc(ConceptOccurrenceCount)) |>
  mutate(ConceptName = factor(ConceptName, levels = ConceptName)) |>
  ggplot(aes(x = ConceptName, y = ConceptOccurrenceCount)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "#0072B2") +
  theme_minimal(base_size = 12) +
  theme(
    # Rotate X-axis labels for readability
    axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1, size = 10),
    plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", hjust = 0.5)
  ) +
  labs(
    title = "Frequency of CARDS Concepts in Claim Reviews",
    x = "CARDS Concept Label",
    y = "Number of Associated Claim Reviews"
  )
```